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Digital elevation models
Point cloud: Millions of tiny dots frozen in midair. Each dot sits exactly where a piece of "stuff" was at that moment in time. Every dot is assigned a coordinate in a predefined / arbitrary coordinate system (XYZ) and a color code (RGB). Together, they form a Point Cloud - a 3D digital twin
Digital surface model (DSM): Imagine draping a blanket over the world from above. The blanket rests on the rooftops, the tops of the trees, and the ground. The digital surface model (DSM) is the shape of that blanket laid on top of the point cloud
Digital terrain model (DTM): Remove buildings, vehicles, structures, high vegetation, and low vegetation from the DSM and the result is a digital terrain model (DTM). It is the "bare earth" result that remains after the surface has been cleared, leaving only the pure shape of the land itself
3D printed maps
Slicing and scaling: A digital model is "sliced" into hundreds of thin layers to prepare it for physical creation. For large scale projects, maps are often divided into multiple tiles. This process maintains an incredible level of detail across large and small areas, ensuring every street and ridge remains crisp and defined.
Additive manufacturing: The map is brought to life layer by layer. Using high grade filament materials, industrial 3D printers follow digital coordinates to build the terrain from the ground up. The result is a precise, durable, and highly accurate physical representation of any location on Earth.
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